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Bootstrap vs Polymer: Everything you Should Know

This blog post gives a brief overview of the most prevalent trends in web UI development, by comparing two key UI frameworks: Bootstrap and Polymer, with some recommendations. Responsive Web Design Responsive Web Design (RWD) is the modern web design standard that provides an optimal viewing experience across different kinds of devices. It provides easy viewing, navigation, scrolling, and panning features, and supports a wide range of devices from desktop computers and laptops to tablets and smartphones. Some of the popular HTML, CSS frameworks available for users are: Bootstrap (getbootstrap.com): Bootstrap is a HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework for developing responsive, mobile-friendly website projects. Polymer (polymer-project.org): Polymer is an innovative development library that makes it faster and easier than ever before to build beautiful web apps. Polymer is built on the basis of a set of powerful modern web building tools known as Web Components. Web Components come with unprecedented composability, interoperability, and consumability, all of which result in unprecedented productivity for the developers. Yahoo! Pure: This is a Yahoo! project, a set of small, responsive CSS components that can be used in every web project. Foundation: Foundation also includes HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for developing responsive projects on the web. Foundation includes a global CSS module, jQuery plugins, common elements, and a few set best practices. YAML: The YAML Ain’t Markup Language project aims at creating a human-readable data serialization standard. It has a modular CSS framework for flexible and responsive web designs. It has a complete set of building blocks for complex websites, including navigation forms, grids, typography modules, and add-ons that work seamlessly together. They are made for HTML5 and CSS3. Adobe Topcoat: This is similar to Yahoo! Pure, a set of tiny, responsive CSS modules for your web projects. Toast: Toast is a simple CSS framework with a plain-English responsive grid helping you get simple layouts done in a breeze. It’s easy to add padding and borders to the grids without any trouble at all. Gumby: Gumby 2 is built with the powerful Sass (a powerful CSS preprocessor) that imparts its extra speed to Gumby. Less: Less provides a CSS design for adaptive sites. It comes with 4 layout options and 3 sets of typographical presets based on a single grid. Columnal: Columnal is a CSS grid system that is a remix of some others with a little bit of code added. Columnal is an elastic grid with some code inspiration taken from 960.gs. Kube: Kube is a minimal, responsive framework with a revolutionary, flexible grid and typography. It gives a lot of freedom to web developers. MontageJS: MontageJS is a modern, full-stack HTML5 framework designed for single-page web apps quickly. It uses popular design patterns and development methodologies to create modular architecture and deliver better user experience. Choosing the Best Framework Our experience working on some of these frameworks over several years has given us some really trustworthy insights in identifying the right framework for adoption, readiness and value proposition. Bootstrap and the relatively new Polymer are among the most advanced UI frameworks with some really cool features to offer. Bootstrap and Polymer come with their own advantages and disadvantages, which are discussed further down, and it should be noted that this write-up is not for precluding any one framework based on the features offered. Bootstrap vs. Polymer In the following table, let’s analyze the capabilities of Bootstrap and Polymer: Aspect Description Bootstrap Polymer MaturityPolymer is still in developer-preview phase while Bootstrap has been in the game for quite some time. Bootstrap also has better community support. Polymer is growing fast though.HighMediumSizeThe size of both Bootstrap and Polymer is large, making the first request time-consuming. Bootstrap also requires such libraries as JQuery to make it functional. Polymer, while it is large in size right now due to high size of web components and no support for native APIs, is expected to lower the sizes as they remove polyfills.MediumMediumWeb StandardsBoth Bootstrap and Polymer support most of the web standards. Some are new such as custom elements, templates, etc., which are supported only by Polymer.MediumHighDesigning ToolsOnly Polymer provides design tools used to easily build prototypes and UI screens.NoYesBrowser SupportBoth are built to work with most of the desktop and mobile browsers. Bootstrap has full support for older browsers as well although the components may be styled differently. Polymer supports evergreen browsers.HighMediumUI ComponentsBoth Bootstrap and Polymer come with very good CSS libraries. While Bootstrap depends on other libraries, Polymer has its own set of UI componentsNoYesOut-of-the-Box SolutionPolymer has everything to get started easily. It has a set of modern web components (custom as well as in-built); good support for custom elements; templates; and APIs, which can help meet demands of web apps. Bootstrap on the other hand requires dependency on libraries such as JQuery.NoYesData BindingPolymer scores well over Bootstrap, which does not support data binding. Polymer implements data binding using template, which is not yet supported by all browsersNoYesInteroperabilityBoth frameworks work well with other technologies, although Polymer discourages the use of external libraries and provides its own libraries instead.EasyEasy Conclusion It may seem that both Bootstrap and Polymer are neck to neck in features. These frameworks have already been used to build multiple web projects, which can be viewed from their respective websites. In order to properly make a distinction between them, consider the following aspects. Bootstrap is perfect if flexibility and customizability are two key needs of your project. Bootstrap’s ready framework lets you work with multiple libraries that can be added as required. It’s built on responsive layouts, components, and 12-column grids. Switching between fixed-grid and responsive-grid designs is only a matter of a few modifications. Bootstrap’s CSS framework is perfect for most of the common uses, and its common elements have some advanced JavaScript functionalities built-in. Polymer framework is based on new web standards such as custom elements, templates, HTML imports, polyfills, and others to make these features available on other browsers. While you can use JS to build custom elements, Polymer builds over it for better developer experience and removing unnecessary code. Web is evolving to incorporate custom tags which can be used to obfuscate the functionality of a complex implementation consisting of HTML, CSS, and JS (or Dart). In your HTML code, simply add the tag with the actual code elsewhere to get the full functionality of the code. Polymer.dart is a Dart port

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My Interesting Cloud Q&A Session from 2009

It was interesting to revisit this Q&A on cloud computing from almost 3 years ago. These were some of the questions posed to me during the cloud computing panel discussion at CSI Annual Convention 2009. It is interesting to see that Clogeny’s strategic bet on the cloud has paid off. Q: Each one of you has a different view (PaaS, services, testing, startup, management) in the domain. A 5-minute warmer on your take on cloud computing based on your current work will be great. This will set the stage nicely for the discussion. There are many “definitions” of cloud computing but for me “Cloud Computing is the fifth generation of computing after Mainframe, Personal Computer, Client-Server and the Web.” It’s not often that we have a whole new platform and delivery model to create businesses on. And what’s more its a new business model as well – using a 1000 servers for 1 hour costs the same as using 1 server for 1000 hours – no upfront costs, completely pay as you go! How has cloud computing suddenly creeped on us and become technologically and economically viable? Because of 3 reasons: Use of commodity hardware and increased software complexity to manage redundancy on such hardware. The perfect example of such softwares is virtualisation, MapReduce, Google File System, Amazon’s Dynamo, etc. Economies of scale. In a medium sized data center it costs $2.2 /GB/month while in a large data center it costs $0.40/GB/month. That is a cost saving of 5.7 times which cloud computing vendors have been possible to pass on to the customers. In general, cloud infrastructure players can avail 5 to 7 times decrease in cost. The third and according to me the most important reason: there was a need to scale for many organizations but not the ability to scale: As the world became data intensive, players realized that unless scalable computing, scalable storage and scalable software was available, their business models won’t scale. Consider analytics as an example. Some years back it was possible for mid-sized companies to mine the data in their own data center but with data doubling every year they have been unable to keep up. They have decided to scale out to the cloud. Amazon, Google realized this from their own needs very early and look here we are eating their dog-food! Developers with new ideas for innovative internet services no longer require large capital investments in hardware to deploy their service. They can potentially go from 1 customer to 100k customers in a matter of days. Over-provisioning or under-provisioning is no longer a factor if your product is hosted on cloud computing platforms. This enables small companies to focus on their core competency rather than worrying about infrastructure. This enables a much quicker go-to-market strategy. Another advantage is that clouds are available in various forms: Amazon EC2 is as good as a physical machine and you can control the entire software stack. Google AppEngine and salesforce.com are platforms which are highly restrictive but good for quick development and allows the scaling complexity to be handled by the platform itself. Microsoft Azure is at an intermediate point between the above two. So depending on your needs, you can choose the right cloud! As I said earlier its a new development environment and there is lot of scope for innovation which is what my company “Clogeny” is focusing on. Q: Cloud computing is not just about “compute” – it is also storage, content distribution and a new way of visualizing and using unlimited storage. How has storage progressed from multi-million dollar arrays and tapes to S3 and Azure and Google Apps? I remember that when I started writing filesystems I needed to check for an error indicating that the filesystem was full. It just struck me that I have no need for such error checking when using cloud storage. So yes, its actually possible to have potentially infinite storage. Storage: Storage arrays have grown in capacity and complexity over the years to satisfy the ever-increasing demand for size and speed. But cloud storage is pretty solid as well. Amazon, Microsoft and most other cloud vendors keep 3 copies of data and atleast 1 copy is kept at a separate geographical location. When you factor this into the costs, cloud storage is pretty cheap. Having said that, cloud storage is not going to replace local storage, fast and expensive arrays will still be needed for IOPS and latency hungry applications. But the market for such arrays may taper off. Content Distribution: A content delivery network is a system of nodes in multiple locations which co-operate to satisfy requests for content efficiently. These nodes move the content around to serve it optimally where the node nearest to the user, serves the request. All the cloud providers offer content distribution services thereby improving reach and performance since requests can be served around the world from the nearest available server. This makes the distribution extremely scalable and cost efficient. The fun part is that the integration between cloud and CDN is seamless and can be done through simple APIs. Visualizing storage: Storage models for the cloud have undergone a change as compared to the POSIX model and relational databases that we are used to. The POSIX model has given way to a more scalable flat key-value store in which a “bucket-name, object-name” tuple points to a piece of data. There is no concept of folder and files that we are used to. Note that for ease of use a folder-file hierarchy can be emulated. Amazon provides SimpleDB, a non-traditional database which is again easier to scale but your data organization and modeling will need to change when migrating to SimpleDB. MapReduce is a framework to operate on very large data sets in highly parallel environments. MapReduce can work on structured or unstructured data. Consider this as an example, there is a online photo sharing company called SmugMug which estimates that it has saved $500,000 in storage expenditures and cut its disk storage array costs in half by using Amazon S3. Q: CC breaks the traditional models of scalability and infrastructure investment, especially for startups. A 1-person startup can easily compare with an IBM or Google on infrastructure availability if the revenue model is in place. What are the implications and an example of how? Definitely, startups need to only focus on their revenue model and implementing their differentiators. The infrastructure, management and scaling are inherently available in a pay as you go manner so that ups and downs in traffic can be sustained. For examples, some sites get hit by very high traffic in first few weeks and need high infrastructure costs to service this traffic. But then the load tapers off and infrastructure lies unused. This is where the pay as you go model works very well. So yes, cloud computing is a leveller fostering many start-ups. Also many businesses are using cloud computing for scale-out whereby their in-house data center is enough to handle certain amount of load but when load goes beyond a certain point they avail the cloud. Such hybrid computing is sometimes more economically viable. Xignite employs Amazon EC2 and S3 to deliver financial market data to enterprise applications, portals, and websites for clients such as Forbes, Citi and Starbucks. This data needs to be delivered in real-time and needs rapid scale up and scale down. Q: What do you see when you gaze in the crystal bowl? Security is a concern for many customers but consider that the most paranoid customer – the US government has started a cloud computing initiative called “App.gov” where they are providing SaaS applications for federal use. Even if there are some issues, they are being surmounted as we speak. Cloud computing has now reached a critical mass and the ecosystem will continue to grow. In terms of technology, I believe that there will be some application software running on-premise and another piece running on the cloud for scaling out. The client part can provide service in case of disconnected operations and importantly can help to resolve latency issues. Most cloud computing applications will have in-built billing systems that will either be a standard or software that both the vendor and customer trust. I would love to see some standards emerging in this space since that will help to accelerate acceptance. “Over the long term, absent of other barriers, economics always wins!”and the economics of cloud computing are too strong to be ignored.

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